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What are renewable or alternative energy?

The term renewable energy sources are all non-fossil energy sources: solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass.
The use of renewable energies is a need for industrialized countries than for developing countries. The first need in the short term, a more sustainable use of resources, a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, a diversification of the energy market and security of energy supply. For countries in developing renewable energy is a real opportunity for sustainable development and access to energy in remote areas.
In particular, the European Union (EU) aims to increase the use of renewable resources to reduce dependence on conventional fossil fuels and at the same time to address pressing environmental problems that are generated from their use. To confirm this in Directive 2001/77/EC "Promotion of electricity from renewable sources", is set as a goal the fulfillment by 2010, an amount equal to 12% of gross inland consumption of energy and 22% of the electricity through the use of renewable sources. To achieve these objectives set out in the directive are different for each individual State and Italy has set itself to achieve, by 2010, an amount equal to 22% of electricity generation nazionale.Il Legislative Decree No 29 December 2003 387 transposing Directive 2001/77/EC and introduces a series of measures to overcome problems related to the market of different energy sources in Italy Rinnovabile.Nel 2003 the gross production of electricity from plants using renewable sources reached value of 47,971 GWh: the biggest contribution came from hydropower, amounting to 36,674 GWh, followed by geothermal production (5340 GWh), biomass (including waste, 4,493 GWh) and wind power (1,458 GWh). Overall, the percentage of electricity produced by plants from renewable sources reached 16.3%. The promotion of renewable energy in Italy, initially encouraged by the measure known as CIP6 was deeply reformed by Legislative Decree 79/99, which introduced the requirement for companies that produce or import electricity from fossil fuels enter the network share from plants fueled by new or re-powered renewable energy sources. This fee was initially set at 2% is in excess of 100 GWh of energy. Then, by Decree No 387 it was decided to increase it by 0.35% annually until 2006.
All operators can make their own subject the production of the share of renewable energy that must be placed on the network, or buy this share by third parties through a market mechanism for the sale of so-called "Green Certificates (CV). This is the title given annually by the GRTN (National Transmission Network Manager) the energy produced from renewable sources. These securities have a size of 100 MWh and can be profitably traded through bilateral contracts between holders of HP and operators subject to the trading platform or in the GME (Electricity Market Operator).